There are numerous methods through which we can protect our brain as we age – and it doesn’t necessarily require a radical change in lifestyle.
Some of them can even be enjoyable activities that we can easily integrate into our daily routine, writes BBC.
1. Spatial orientation
A strategy to protect against cognitive decline associated with aging is to stimulate a specific region of the brain. The hippocampus, the area responsible for spatial orientation, is considered the first part affected by Alzheimer's disease, years before symptoms become visible. Therefore, protecting this brain region could help prevent or delay symptoms.
For example, studies show that ambulance and taxi drivers have among the lowest rates of Alzheimer's-related mortality compared to other professions, precisely because they use their brains more intensively for spatial processing.
We can develop our spatial skills through activities such as orienteering or, in the case of children, construction games. Even trying to find your way without GPS can help, as constant use of navigation systems has been associated with weaker spatial memory.
Additionally, some video games based on spatial orientation could have beneficial effects on memory and orientation abilities.
2. Stay socially active
Numerous studies show that maintaining an active social life can protect us against cognitive decline. For example, centenarians with a high level of social engagement have better brain health, and participating in social activities in adulthood has been associated with higher cognitive capacity in old age.
According to research, social activity in adulthood and old age can reduce the risk of dementia by up to 50% and can delay the onset of symptoms.
Experts believe this is because social relationships reduce stress and make us more resilient to life's challenges. In contrast, chronic stress has been associated with the loss of neurons in the hippocampus.
Moreover, when we interact with others, we use numerous brain regions – from language and memory to planning and decision-making.
3. Lifelong learning
An important indicator of healthy aging is the number of years spent in education. People who study more have a lower risk of dementia, and lifelong learning can offer similar protective benefits.
Our brain thrives on challenges and novelty, as they strengthen the brain regions most vulnerable to aging. Maintaining mental activity can slow cognitive decline.
An important reason is that the learning process contributes to the formation of new neuronal connections and the strengthening of existing ones, thus providing protection against aging and cellular death.
We can increase our cognitive reserve as we age through stimulating activities such as education and hobbies. Practicing gardening, joining a book club, or even having regular discussions about the books read are examples of recommended activities to maintain cognitive function in advanced ages.
C.S.