Excessive alcohol consumption is harmful regardless of type, but some drinks appear more harmful than others, according to a new study. Beer, cider, and spirits increase the risk of premature death even at low levels of consumption, scientists have found.
On the other hand, moderate wine consumption was associated with a 21% lower risk of death from heart disease, writes Medical Xpress.
"Even low to moderate consumption of spirits, beer, or cider is linked to higher mortality, while wine, in the same quantities, may have a lower risk," explained the study's lead researcher, Zhangling Chen.
The research was based on data from nearly 341,000 subjects in the UK, monitored for an average of over 13 years. Depending on alcohol consumption, they were divided into three categories: low, moderate, and high consumption.
It should be noted that a beer of approximately 330 ml, a glass of wine of 150 ml, and a shot of spirits each contain about 14 grams of pure alcohol.
The study results showed that individuals with high consumption had: a 24% higher risk of premature death from any cause; a 36% higher risk of death from cancer; and a 14% higher risk of death from cardiovascular diseases.
At the same time, only light to moderate wine consumption was associated with a possible protective effect. Even at low levels, beer, cider, and spirits were linked to a 9% increase in the risk of death from heart disease.
Lifestyle is also important
Researchers emphasize that the differences are not only about alcohol itself but also about the associated lifestyle.
Wine is more often consumed during meals and by individuals with a more balanced diet, while beer and spirits are more frequently consumed between meals and by individuals with less healthy habits, such as smoking or lack of physical activity.
Additionally, red wine contains certain compounds that could have benefits for heart health.